Isro launches SpaDeX mission to test docking, pave way for Chandrayaan-4, Gaganyaan
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the ambitious Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission on Monday along with 24 experiments packed in with the launch vehicle.
The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle with the two, 220 kilogram each, satellites lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in a text-book launch. Earlier, the lift-off was delayed by just two minutes to avoid collision with other satellites in the same orbit above Earth.
10-DAY CHASE AHEAD
The two spacecraft will now be directed towards achieving space docking in the next 10 days likely on January 7. SpaDeX aims to demonstrate advanced in-space docking technology, a crucial capability for future missions, including lunar expeditions and the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).
The two spacecraft—SDX01 (the Chaser) and SDX02 (the Target) are set to be deployed into low Earth orbit with a small relative velocity between them.
Managed by the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), initially, they will drift apart to a distance of approximately 10-15 kilometers. Once this distance is reached, the drift will be arrested, and onboard systems will undergo thorough health checks.
After confirming system functionality, the Chaser will begin its approach toward the Target satellite in carefully controlled increments.
The proximity with the target will be reduced stepwise: first to about 5 kilometers, then to 1.5 kilometers, and ultimately leading to docking. This meticulous approach ensures that both satellites are launched separately but come together in a controlled manner.
Each satellite is equipped with advanced payloads, including an imaging system and a radiation monitoring device designed to measure electron and proton radiation levels in space. This data is essential for future human spaceflight missions.
The SpaDeX mission represents a critical step in advancing India’s capabilities in orbital docking. Successful completion of this mission will enhance ISRO’s ability to conduct complex operations in space and lay the groundwork for future interplanetary missions.
As India marches towards becoming the fourth country in the world to master space docking technology, SpaDeX stands as a testament to its growing prowess in space exploration.
Isro chief S Somnath said that both satellites were placed in the right orbit. “Next, the fourth stage will change its orbit for the Poem-4 experiments to be conducted through the night. PSLV has once again performed as expected,” he added.
WHY IS SPACE DOCKING IMPORTANT?
Docking is a critical capability in space operations, enabling two spacecraft to connect and work as one unit. It facilitates crew transfers, resupply missions, and the assembly of larger structures like space stations.
The SpaDeX mission is far more than a simple technological demonstration. It is a strategic step towards several ambitious space objectives by India and will facilittate the Gaganyaan human spaceflight program, enable Chandrayaan-4 lunar sample return missions that will heavily rely on docking mechanism, and pave the way for developing the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), India’s proposed space station.
As Isro begins to manuver the two satellites, all eyes will be trained towards the Low Earth Orbit as India aims to join the lite club with the docking technology.