Mpox declared global public health emergency by WHO, second time in 2 years

The World Health Organisation on Wednesday declared Mpox a global public health emergency.

The second time in two years, following an outbreak of the viral infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo that has spread to neighbouring countries.

Mpox can spread through close contact. Usually mild, it is fatal in rare cases. It causes flu-like symptoms and pus-filled lesions on the body.

Determining a disease outbreak as a “public health emergency of international concern” or PHEIC — the WHO’s highest level of alert — can accelerate research, funding and international public health measures and co-operation to contain a disease.

The outbreak in Congo began with the spread of an endemic strain, known as clade I. But a new variant, clade Ib, appears to spread more easily through routine close contact, including sexual contact. It has spread from Congo to neighbouring countries, including Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda, triggering action from the WHO.

“It’s clear that a coordinated international response is essential to stop these outbreaks and save lives,” said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

Earlier this week, Africa’s top public health body declared a mpox emergency for the continent after warning that the viral infection was spreading at an alarming rate.

More than 17,000 suspected mpox cases and 517 deaths have been reported on the African continent so far this year, a 160% increase in cases compared to the same period last year, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention said. A total of 13 countries have reported cases.

An escalating outbreak of mpox in the Democratic Republic of Congo and its neighbours has prompted Africa’s top public health body to declare a “public health emergency of continental concern” for the first time.

A different form of the mpox virus — clade IIb – spread globally in 2022, largely through sexual contact amongst men who have sex with men. This prompted the WHO to declare a public health emergency then, which ended 10 months later.